Variable mixtures of CO 2 ice, H 2 O ice, and dust in volatile exposures at the south pole of Mars influence interactions with the atmosphere that drive their formation, evolution, and eventual preservation as long-term climate records. However, ice composition in the south pola…
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For more than a century, a large volume of gold-mining tailings was deposited in Whitewood Creek and the Belle Fourche River, tributaries to the Cheyenne River in western South Dakota. Much of it still remains, and field and historical evidence indicates continued remobilization…
Today, a “High-carbon Energy compleX” (HEX) of fossil-fuel enterprises and their allies hold the future captive, attempting to indefinitely preserve global reliance on carbon- emitting energy. Emergent social forces offer alternative futures, from ‘climate capitalism’ to energy …
Indigenous peoples in the United States are already disproportionately experiencing the impacts of climate change. Closely related to tribal efforts to manage climate effects are historical endeavors to assert indigenous sovereignty and govern tribal lands, but deficiencies in t…
The northern Australian rainy season is part of the Asian-Australian monsoon system and occurs during the Austral summer across the northern regions of the continent. The Australian monsoon is responsible for most of the annual rainfall budget for the region, thus having a compr…
Background: Infectious diarrhea is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children living in developing regions of the world. However, the temporal distribution and mechanisms underlying fluctuations in diarrhea incidence are largely unknown. We sought to model all ca…
High Mountain Asia (HMA) has been strongly impacted by climate change, and will continue to be impacted by diverse climate stressors in the coming years. A combination of changing weather patterns and retreating glaciers has begun to impact water resources in the region; the rat…
This dissertation focuses on the economics of infrastructure development and public finance. The dissertation is composed of three papers: The first paper analyzes the optimal solutions for supplying electricity to national economies from both domestic as well as distant energy …
The goal of my dissertation has been to test hypotheses for the origins of high-latitud eclimatic warmth and the subsequent global cooling in the middle Miocene, aimed primarily at understanding the oceanographic evolution of the Pacific realm. I attempted to constrain the exten…
This study investigates the space-time evolution of the dominant modes that constitute the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), and, as an ultimate goal, the climate prediction of the ASM rainfall. Precipitation and other synoptic variables during the prominent life cycle of the ASM (May…
The goal of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of climate to changes in the area and location of surface waters (lakes and wetlands). A model (SWAM) is developed to predict surface water area and river transport globally. SWAM is based on a linear reservoir hydrologic …
The research described in this dissertation is predicted on the hypothesis that remotely sensed information on vegetation cover classes can be used to improve the representation of heterogeneous continental surfaces in global climate models. The problem it addressed was that cur…
Scientific communities have been working in creating and enhancing scientific research programs in which in situ and satellite data as well as remote sensing (RS) technologies are being applied to regional environmental issues. These issues include the effects of climate change …
To test the hypothesis that climate change caused the abandonment of Tell Leilan during the late 3rd millennium BC (Weiss et at. 1993), 153 permanent teeth were assessed for developmental enamel defects as indicators of non-specific stress. Although the results indicate a greate…
This dissertation examines the improvement in the simulation of precipitation by using a high resolution model and a highly physically-based land surface scheme. To investigate the impact of the horizontal resolution on the simulated fields, six versions of NCAR's latest Communi…
Agricultural practice in Bangladesh is largely dependent on the monsoonal rainfall. Historical data show that Bangladesh experienced severe droughts and floods during monsoon months. Crop losses were reported under both of these extreme conditions. Intra-seasonal monsoonal rainf…
Interactions between climate variability, risk behavior and agricultural policies in Morocco are examined. The analysis employs a series of general equilibrium models that are linked together to account for risk. The model explicitly incorporates the main features of the economy…
Understanding how organisms respond to resources available in the environment is a fundamental goal of ecology. Resource availability controls ecological processes at all levels of organisation, from molecular characteristics of individuals to community and biosphere. Climate ch…
Since Arrhenius published seminal work in 1921, research interest in the description of plant traits and grouped characteristics of plant species has grown, underpinning diversity in trophic levels. Geographic exploration and diversity studies prior to and after 1921 culminated …