Despite the enormous body of literature studying the typing errors of adults, children's typing errors remain an understudied area. It is well known in the field of Child-Computer Interaction that children are not 'little adults'. This means findings regarding how adults make ty…
Although the history of Virtual Reality (VR) is only about half a century old, all kinds of technologies in the VR field are developing rapidly. VR is a computer generated simulation that replaces or augments the real world by various media. In a VR environment, participants hav…
We present an investigation into the environments of quasars with respect to galaxy clus- ters, and environment evolution with redshift and luminosity. The positions of quasars with respect to clusters have been studied using cluster and quasar catalogues available, covering the…
Antigenic variation processes play a central role in parasite invasion and chronic infectious disease, and are likely to respond to host immune mechanisms and epidemiological characteristics. Whether changes in antigenic variation strategies lead to net positive or negative effe…
Reversible modification of protein function by PKA phosphorylation is critical to a variety of processes in the heart, including the modulation of cardiac output in response to stress, and the transduction of cardioprotective signals. As a result, PKA phosphorylation events must…
The work presented in this thesis develop algorithms to solve inverse problems where source terms are unknown. The algorithms are developed 011frameworks provided by domain decomposition methods and the numerical schemes use finite volume and finite difference discretisations. T…
In this thesis, I explore the applications of optical tweezers and passive video particle tracking microrheology for bioanalytical applications. Microrheology is a branch of rheology that has the same principles as conventional bulk rheology, but which works on micron length sca…
This thesis starts by reviewing superconductivity in one-dimension where fluctuations cause a loss of supercurrent due to an intrinsic resistance. Solved via the Ginzburg-Landau equations, the theory of thermally activated phase slips given by Langer and Ambegaokar is outlined. …
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are able to differentiate in vitro into endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal cell types. ES cells and their close counterparts, embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells, are a useful model system for studying the mechanisms governing neuronal differentiation. Si…
Introduction: Non-engagement with treatment is a familiar problem for health services and has been identified as a particularly important issue for those who experience psychosis. The therapeutic relationship between service-users and clinicians is considered to be crucial to go…
It is well known that the human brain is highly modular, having a structural and functional organization that allows the different regions of the brain to be reused for different cognitive processes. So far, this has not been fully addressed by artificial systems, and a better u…
The World Wide Web has always attracted researchers and commercial search engine companies due to the enormous amount of information available on it. "Searching" on web has become an integral part of today's world, and many people rely on it when looking for information. The amo…
Plastics have become an integral part of our lives. However, the disposal of plastic waste poses an enormous problem to society. An ideal solution would be to break down a polymer into its monomer, which could then be used as the building-blocks to recreate the polymer. Unfortun…
The ability to adapt to changing environments is essential for survival. Bacteria have developed sophisticated means by which they sense and respond to stresses imposed by changes in the environment. Escherichia coli (E. coli) have served as a model organism for studies in molec…
Coronary heart disease (CHD) leading to myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Following an MI, a number of structural and functional changes to the myocardium occur, known as cardiac remodelling. Initially, these changes are adaptiv…
An ever increasing incidence of diabetes has resulted in an epidemic of chronic wounds. Few therapies effectively promote wound healing, and thus, health care budgets are faced with an unsustainable burden and patients with poor quality of life. Recently, the isoleucine-glycine-…
The identification of high transverse momentum top quarks is an essential ingredient of many searches for new physics. This thesis presents, for the first time, the performance of shower deconstruction, a new top-tagging algorithm, using data collected with the ATLAS detector at…
Adenoviruses are the most commonly used vectors for clinical gene therapy applications, accounting for 24% of all clinical trials to date, the majority of which are based on Ad serotype 5 (Ad5). However, the high prevalence of neutralising antibodies and a range of “off target” …
This study investigated the social and psychological impact on girls of playing competitive football and explored whether football is associated with their mental wellbeing. Football was identified as an appropriate focus for exploring the link between sport and wellbeing becaus…