Estuaries are ephemeral geological formations in constant change, which is being accelerated by human intervention. Fine sediments are an important characteristic of estuarine systems upon which anthropogenic and natural activities depend. An important feature of fine sediments …
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Introduction: Over the past decades, several labelling techniques have been used in an attempt to track stem cells using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, very few of these were able to definitely determine the precise location of stem cells within a living organism and…
The recent spate of floods in many parts of Britain has stimulated substantial interest among scientists, policy makers and the public concerning contemporary trends in flood frequency and magnitude, in particular questioning whether these events exceed historical extremes. Howe…
Despite several interventional measures, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) continues to be a major problem for healthcare services worldwide. Clinical classification of patients at initial disease presentation is very challenging which makes it complex to accurately predict …
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism for controlling various cellular processes that determine cell fate. Phosphorylation status is controlled by kinases and phosphatases, which phosphorylate and dephosphorylate specific residues in target proteins re…
Cardiovascular toxicity is a leading cause of drug attrition at the preclinical and clinical stages of drug development. The specific mechanisms of drug-induced cardiovascular toxicities, however, are not well understood and can occur via direct interactions of the drug with car…
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue worldwide. A highly anthropophilic and endophilic mosquito, its behaviour is a major influence on dengue epidemiology and a major challenge to vector control, which is the only dengue prevention method available. A series of studies int…
Musculoskeletal tissues exhibit a remarkable extent of plasticity throughout life, with tissues continually able to adapt in line with functional demands. As the skeleton plays a major structural role, its form is profoundly influenced by its mechanical environment, which is lar…
Microporous materials play an important role in a variety of industrial and domestic applications. While a diverse range of microporous materials have been identified, this thesis focuses on porous organic cages (POCs) because they have received much attention as synthetically t…
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as Heparan Sulfate (HS), are vital components, of all multicellular organisms, with confirmed roles in development, cell-cell communication and diseases such as dementia and cancer. As such, the interaction of this important group of molecules wit…
Parasite life history theory predicts that lifetime reproductive success evolves through differential allocation of energy to life history traits constrained by trade-offs. These life history traits govern the characteristics of parasites such as their virulence, transmission an…
Immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) indicated for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases or to prevent organ transplant rejection, mostly target cell surface molecules expressed by immune cells including T cells. The presence of immunosuppressive…
All DNA transactions involving overtwisting or undertwisting of the double helix alter the topological state of DNA, yielding distortions known as DNA supercoiling or DNA torsional stress. Under conditions of negative supercoiling susceptible sequences within B-form DNA may be t…
Randomised controlled trials are considered the gold standard study design, as random treatment assignment provides balance in prognosis between treatment arms and protects against selection bias. When trials are subject to departures from randomised treatment, however, simple b…
The Amaryllidaceae have characteristic isoquinoline alkaloids including galanthamine that is approved for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) is an industrial source of this alkaloid. This project undertook analysis of the daffodil transcri…
The development of the plastic electronics industry has drawn great interest and inspired technology innovations in a broad area. This has stimulated the rapid development of flexible circuitry manufacturing technologies, including advances in conductive inks, printing technolog…
The motivation for this research is the synthesis and characterisation of nanostructured oxide materials for potential applications in renewable energy generation or storage. In particular, the research in this thesis addresses the development of nanostructured oxide materials w…
Mammalian cells have evolved highly regulated defence pathways, which are activated in response to stress. The transcription factor Nrf2 is activated in response to chemical and oxidative stress and induces the expression of antioxidants and detoxification enzymes. Nrf2 activity…
Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) is overexpressed in many cancers, in particular those of the breast, ovary, prostate and pancreas. This overexpression tends to correlate with a poor disease prognosis for patients, probably as a result of increased incidence of metastases, and…