Intravesical drug delivery (IDD) offers a unique opportunity to target pathology of the lower urinary tract. High concentrations of drug can be delivered directly to the bladder with minimal systemic absorption. IDD has been used successfully to manage a range of conditions such…
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Intramammary infections (IMI) in sheep have a major economic impact through reduced milk production, premature culling and even death of ewes. This study hypothesizes that the sheep mammary gland could host a microbiome with certain members affecting SCC. Previous studies have b…
Methylated amines, such as trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide, are nitrogenous compounds that are thought to be ubiquitous in the marine environment. TMA is a product of the anaerobic degradation of quaternary amines, such as glycine betaine and choline. Through a s…
Crucial biological processes are often dictated by the action of proteins, including cell growth, intercellular communication and apoptosis. The behaviour and function of proteins, and other important bio-macromolecules, is inherently linked to the 3D con-formation of the polype…
Plasmid DNA partitioning is a crucial process for the transfer of at least a single copy of plasmid to the daughter cells during bacterial cell division. Partitioning for various low-copy number plasmids involves a DNA-binding protein (ParB), a centromere-like DNA site ( parS) a…
Prediction of pathogen dynamics and the design of effective interventions to control and eliminate disease are key goals in epidemiology. While progress has been made towards the elimination of many infectious diseases, only two, smallpox and rinderpest, have been globally eradi…
All regulatory authorities share the responsibility for ensuring patients' timely access to new medicines while maintaining quality, safety and efficacy standards. In addition, healthcare decision-makers must consider the cost effectiveness of medicines and the impact on the nat…
Signal transduction pathways are mainly depending on phosphorylation events, which are controlled by the activity of phosphatases and kinases. Although kinases have been widely studied, however, much less is known about the contribution of phosphatases to the regulation of cell …
Understanding the ways in which practitioners can identify and manage undernutrition is important within developing world countries. There is still much uncertainty when it comes to understanding which measures of undernutrition are the most effective predictors of adverse outco…
Many researchers have discussed the student-lecturer relationship in the classroom. These studies have concluded that the association between student and lecturer must be positive in order for each of them to benefit. Studies carried out so far have focused on the studentlecture…
The interface between urban combinations and associated industry with fragile ecosystems delivering significant ecosystem services denotes one of the critical frontiers for ecological genomic investigation. The major issue when evaluating diffuse pollution generated at this inte…
Isolation of DNA from skeletonised human remains can be problematic. In addition to DNA degradation, enhanced by high temperature and humidity, there are often potent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors present within the samples. It is therefore important to extract the …
Detailed within this thesis are the production of diasteromerically enriched α-aryl carbonyl compounds prepared by a new and mild method based on the Truce-Smiles rearrangement; the synthesis of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds utilising a Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement; and the synth…
The aim of this study was to evaluate seven GCC regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies active in the region in order to identify the strengths and weakness of the current GCC centralised procedure. The GCC regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical companies who …
The Earth’s climate is changing at an unprecedented rate due to increasing use of fossil fuels and widespread deforestation. This means that the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is increasing, elevating mean global temperatures. In addition, the oceans act as a huge c…
Genetically modified organisms have been accompanied by hopes and concerns regarding the potential of this technology to reshape agricultural practices, our environment and the food we eat. The controversy surrounding GMOs raised questions regarding the present and future relati…
The thesis explores the 'lived experiences' of egg share donors in the United Kingdom (UK) and in particular, has examined the extent to which they are able to consent to becoming an egg share donor. Specific emphasis was given to exploring the factors that motivated their decis…
The thesis is a historical case-study in which I.Lakatos's Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes is applied to 19th. Century classical electrodynamics. Two research programmes are appraised. One, the Action-at-a-distance programme, had as its hard core the theory that el…
Chk1 is a conserved protein kinase which is activated in response to multiple exogenous and endogenous genotoxic stresses. In response Chk1 mediates several cell cycle checkpoint responses which are important components of the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and as su…