Chronic hypoxia, in animals and man, results in remodelling of the pulmonary vasculature with consequent pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary artery fibroblast (PAF) has been shown to play an early and important role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling. In acute a…
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Familial renal cell carcinoma (RCC) only accounts for 3% of all RCC, yet the study of these inherited forms has provided important insights into the more common sporadic RCC. Somatic VHL inactivation is found in 70% of sporadic clear cell RCC (ccRCC) though is rarely found in ot…
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common worldwide and is associated with cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is regarded as a crucial step in disease development and has been demonstrated in peripheral vasculature in OSA population. However the effect of ventil…
Appraisal of current literature reveals an increased burden of cerebrovascular disease amongst the migrant South Asian population living in the United Kingdom (UK) and a paucity of data concerning stroke pathophysiology among members of this ethnic group. To address these issues…
Hypertension is one of the most common medical conditions complicating pregnancy, with significant implications on maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Abnormalities in placentation have been implicated as the primary pathology responsible for the development of hyper…
Neutrophils have capacity to cause tissue damage in chronic inflammatory disease. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) they infiltrate joints, secrete proteases and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and express cytokines. RA neutrophils express NAMPT which is a highly conserved, pleiotropi…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that although primarily affecting the joints is recognised as a systemic disease with a variety of co-morbidities. One such co-morbidity is cardiovascular disease (CVD) and patients with RA are at a two-fold increased r…
The cause of low back pain in populations of professional drivers is uncertain. A literature review revealed factors that seem to be associated with low back pain (e.g. physical factors: exposure to whole body-vibration, prolonged sitting posture, frequent lifting, pushing and p…
Chronic systemic immunosuppression in pancreatic islet transplantation restricts its clinical application. This study aims to explore the potential of cell-mediated immune-modulation as an alternative to conventional immunosuppressive regimens; specifically investigating the inn…
The potential for nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (e.g. inorganic nitrite) to act as stable stores of “Transported Nitric Oxide” has excited huge interest due to the substantial potential therapeutic avenues. The prospect developing of a “silver bullet” that could target areas mos…
Ghrelin is a 28 amino-acid peptide produced predominantly by the stomach. Two main isoforms of ghrelin are currently known (octanoyl- and desoctanoyl ghrelin). It functions as a circulating orexigenic hormone In addition, it has an effect on the nervous, cardiovascular and immun…
Depression is twice as prevalent among people with long-term physical conditions (LTPCs), and it confers an increased risk of additional morbidity and early mortality. Psychological interventions such as those based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), can improve outcomes bu…
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are both inflammatory disorders with parallel escalating epidemics. Novel insights provided by the new biology suggest common pathways by which several pathogenic components of obesity affect glucose metabolism and cellular responsiveness to in…
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients characterised by severe inflammation within the lungs. This inflammation is limited by anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid hormones released from the hypothalamus…
There are 30,000 people in the UK who are on dialysis or that have received a transplant for chronic kidney failure (Stein & Wilde, 2006). Those with a diagnosis of End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) face a gruelling treatment regimen with dialysis providing only 5% of the function …
It appears that over time, individuals appraise challenging health situations differently; they take a variety of meanings from them and report differing outcomes for similar events (Scherer, Shorr, & Johnstone, 2001). This variability has been attributed to differences in copin…
Dementia is a set of incurable, fatal diseases characterised by irreversible degeneration of the brain. One theory of its cause is the failure of intracellular transport in the axons of the neurons that compose the brain. Kinesin is a key motor transporting vital cargo along the…
This thesis investigates the role of cervical spine Range of Motion in the recovery from Whiplash Associated Disorders. In clinical practice, Health Care Professionals attach value to measurements of cervical spine Range of Motion for diagnostic, prognostic and treatment evaluat…