Experimental meningitis was induced in pigmented guinea pigs by subarachnoid inoculation of \(1 \times 10^9\) Escherichia coli K-12 or \(3 \times 10^7\) CFU Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 2 D39 (NCTC 7466) or PLN-A, \(Δ\)NA1 or \(Δ\)HY1, defined isogenic derivatives of D39 de…
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A wider understanding of the impact of each of the dietary components on blood phenylalanine concentrations in PKU may lead to improvements in management. Knowledge of the effects of such rigorous diet therapy on feeding behaviour is also important. In a series of studies, the e…
The process through which new blood vessels are formed within the body is known as angiogenesis. An essential part of our survival, it has also been implicated more recently in many diseases both in terms of induced growth, and abnormal vascular structure. Angiogenesis is charac…
In order to understand the complex nature of the relationship between depression, anxiety and multiple sclerosis (MS) valid assessments are needed. The prevalence of anxiety and depression reported varies widely dependent on the assessment used, although it is often reported as …
Platelets play a crucial role in haemostasis by preventing bleeding at sites of vascular injury. Inherited or acquired platelet defects can impair haemostasis resulting in bleeding symptoms of varying severity ranging from mild to excessive which can be life threatening. Diagnos…
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients have high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Poor autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, (increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic activity) is a factor contributing to the risk for CVD in RA. The first experimental chapter incl…
Optimal management of British military personnel injured in Afghanistan is best achieved in the United Kingdom; therefore aeromedical evacuation (AE) is arranged, often within the first 24 hours for the most severely injured casualties. However, early aeromedical evacuation carr…
Background: Saudi Arabia is ranked sixth for the highest prevalence of T2DM worldwide. There is very little information on dietary factors associated with the prevalence of T2DM in Saudi Arabia. There is an urgent need for the identification of culturally specific T2DM risk fact…
This study is primarily concerned with the possible use and effectiveness of stress inoculation as a psychological preparation for combat. Initial fieldwork, in the form of a review of current practices and their supporting rationales, was carried out in military establishments …
This thesis represents a sociological exploration of Her Majesty’s Prison Service, male prisoners’ mental health, and the provision of National Health Service mental healthcare in a prison setting. This qualitative social science study is conducted in one prison establishment. T…
People faced with infertility will often experience a strong need for psychosocial support and guidance; a need which is not always adequately met by existing sources of support. The growth in access to the Internet over recent years has opened up new opportunities for people af…
It is established that patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) exhibit marked muscle weakness, one of the most frequent and earliest reported symptoms associated with knee OA. Weakness primarily affects the quadriceps muscle with little evidence of hamstring involvement. Traditio…
Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in Campylobacter is often associated with the production of a β-lactamase; to date the genomically encoded bla\(_{OXA-61}\) and the closely related cj0299 are the only described β-lactamase genes of Campylobacter. Cj0299 of C. jejuni NCTC11168 …
The aim of this project was the study of neutrophil recruitment and reverse transmigration using murine and human in vitro models of inflammation. Murine in vitro models of inflammation were developed using an immortalised microvascular cell line (MCEC-1) and primary murine vasc…
Lymphocyte infiltration of the liver drives the progression of all inflammatory liver diseases. Lymphocyte homing to the liver occurs within the hepatic sinusoids. The hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSEC) that line these channels have a unique phenotype and lack conventio…
Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are equally common in both sexes and at all ages. However, complications of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease such as reflux oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, although more common in men, increase sha…
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical for the maintenance of tolerance to self and control of inflammation. Defects in Treg have been reported for a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this thesis I wished to determine whether there are quantitative and/ or quali…
This thesis examined whether patients with early stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) have abnormalities of arterial stiffness and cardiac function. Aldosterone is known to promote inflammation and fibrosis in the arteries, heart and kidney. Treatment with spironolactone, which bl…
I: Ambystoma mexicanum is a useful model for the study of heart development as it has a naturally occurring mutant, the cardiac (c/c) lethal, in which the embryos lack organised myofibrils and have low levels of tropomyosin. Antisense oligonucleotides specific to axolotl tropomy…