T2DM is a growing health problem worldwide. It is now increasingly being diagnosed earlier in life. The factors involved in such an epidemic are complex. The intrauterine environment has long been known as an important contributor to many diseases including metabolic disorders s…
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The principal aim of this project is to examine posture and muscle activity when using an ergonomically designed saddle seat compared with a conventional seat during common dental procedures with the dental students and practising dentists. The study was conducted with practisin…
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an important regulatory arm of the immune system. Defects in the number and activities of iNKT cells have been linked to the development of autoimmune diseases. The glycoprotein CD1d plays an integral part in the recognition and…
Timing is a crucial aspect of dynamic tasks, and understanding of timing effects in balance control may contribute to refine balance retraining paradigms for hemiparetic stroke. This thesis opens with a review on predictive and reactive modes of balance control. The initial revi…
All eukaryotic cells possess mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is maternally inherited through the oocyte, its replication being regulated by nuclear-encoded replication factors. It was hypothesised that mtDNA replication is highly regulated in oocytes, pre-implantation embryos a…
Patients with diabetic renal disease develop elevated urinary albumin excretion rates [AER] and hypertension. Preliminary data from several groups suggest that diabetic patients handle transferrin, a protein similar in size and weight, in a different fashion from albumin. In the…
Apoptosis can be distinguished from necrosis, the classical form of cell death, by several morphological and biochemical criteria. Apoptotic cells, but not necrotic cells, show early condensation of chromatin as well as endonuclease activation resulting in cleavage of the nuclea…
The metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in western society, and the numbers affected by obesity and diabetes continue to rise. This thesis reviews the mechanisms at play and the gaps in the literature that, if filled, may increase knowledge of treatment regimes for affected i…
Spreading platelets sequentially form filopodia, lamellipodia, and stress fibres. This thesis demonstrates the formation of each actin structure in spread platelets, and in addition the formation of a novel actin structure, which I have termed an actin nodule. Actin nodules requ…
ABSTRACT Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive disease characterised by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and elevated pulmonary artery pressure, leading to right ventricular failure and eventually death. The monoamine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) ha…
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell due to their central role in energy generation and as the site of key metabolic pathways. Over the past 15 years, it has become unequivocally clear that most pro-apoptotic stimuli require a mitochondria-dependent step, involvi…
GPR40, GPR41 and GPR43 are a small family of GPCRs. Fatty acids were identified as the ligands for these receptors in 2003. High levels of circulating fatty acids have been linked to a variety of diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and high levels of fatty acid…
1.Previous research in the bovine intraocular long posterior ciliary artery (LPCA) has suggested that its response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) is a uniphasic vasodilatation, mediated jointly by the neurotransmitters nitric oxide (NO) and calcitonin gene related-peptide…
Aerobic power (VOzma) and cardiac output decrease in both sexes with age. Endurance exercise is known to affect cardiac structures and function, and could therefore attenuate the effects of ageing. However, recent studies have suggested that men and women of similar ages adapt d…
This thesis describes a study into two post capture conditions, idiopathic muscle necrosis (IMN) and a post capture opportunistic bacterial infection, affecting the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, and a comprehensive analysis of the stressors involved in the capture and pos…
Sindbis virus an alphavirus, has a single stranded RNA genome with a molecular weight of 4.2 million (42S RNA). Inside infected cells two RNA species are found. One, 42S RNA, is assumed to code for the RNA polymerase(s) and is also destined to enter mature virus, the second, 26S…
Activity based alterations in synaptic connectivity are thought to underlie the processes involved in learning and memory. Measurable changes in neuronal activation by long-term potentiation (LTP) are widely investigated as a possible cellular correlate of this phenomenon, as it…