A purification procedure was developed for Eschericia coli polynucleotide phosphorylase, and subsequently applied to polynucleotide phosphorylases from Thermus aquaticus and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Preliminary investigations of the catalytic properties of the thermostable p…
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The role of hydration in causing or alleviating suffering in patients with advanced cancer is poorly understood and remains controversial. Most dying cancer patients have reduced oral intake in the last days of life. This may be related to symptoms arising from the cancer or its…
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging family of cells which have been well-characterised within the gut and peripheral tissues. Despite being implicated in shaping adaptive immune responses, relatively little is known about their function within lymph nodes (LNs), importa…
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a tissue-resident stromal cell population that are able to regulate immune responses, in particular the capacity for endothelial cells (EC) to support leukocyte recruitment. In this thesis we examined the ability of MSC from different sources (bo…
The combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) is a powerful method for investigating brain function, with multiple MVPA methods being applied to the task including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, Neural Net…
The extent of regeneration is often limited after spinal cord injury (SCI), due to the post-injury microenvironment that is unsupportive of nerve fibre regeneration and the limited intrinsic reparative capacity of neurons. Current mainstream clinical therapies focus on reducing …
This thesis aimed to increase understanding of the underlying physiological sources of the substantial inter-individual variability in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) reactions to acute psychological stress. This aim was achieved using a multi-method approach that includ…
Ligament injuries are commonplace, with poor native healing leaving injury sites exposed to instability and further damage. A number of surgical methods have been established for reconstruction using a range of materials, but these have a high failure rate and a number of undesi…
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex is a key regulator of protein synthesis, with resistance exercise and protein ingestion both shown to increase mTOR activity in human skeletal muscle. It has recently been proposed that mTOR activity is regulated via its intracell…
Obesity is one of the biggest public health problems today, leading to type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, sterility and cancer (Hashmi et al., 2013). \(C.elegans\) has been used extensively in obesity research to dissect the underlying principles. The overar…
This thesis examines vision testing and visual training in sport. Through four related studies, the predictive ability of visual and perceptual tests was examined in a range of activities including driving and one-handed ball catching. The potential benefits of visual training m…
The experiments presented in this thesis describe the roles of the post-junctional α1, α2-adrenoceptors (AR) and P2X purinoceptors in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation in mouse mesenteric and tail arteries. Such roles were determined by combining wire myography technique…
This investigation explored the impact of acute cold exposure on postural control during static balance tasks. The aims were to establish the impact of short term cold exposure on human postural control, identify key processes that lead to performance changes, and to examine app…
Skeletal muscle tissue demonstrates a remarkable malleability and can adjust its metabolic and contractile makeup in response to alterations in functional demands. As a result, great diversity exists in muscle physiology, biochemistry and energy metabolism, all of which are unde…
Impacts of fisheries induced evolution (FIE) may extend beyond life history traits to more cryptic aspects of biology, such as behaviour and physiology. Understanding roles of physiological traits in determining individual susceptibility to capture in fishing gears, and how thes…
Understanding how our experiences are retrieved from long-term memory is fundamental in cognitive neuroscience. In this doctoral thesis I explore two essential questions regarding the temporal dynamics of episodic memory retrieval. First, I investigate how rapidly distinct compo…
As the average life expectancy of populations across the world increases, there is a growing challenge to maintain the health of older adults into older age. Older adults are at greater risk of endothelial dysfunction, reduction in functional fitness and mental ill-health issues…
Neurons are the basic units in nervous systems. They transmit signals along neurites and at synapses in electrical and chemical forms. Neuronal morphology, mainly dendritic geometry, is famous for anatomical diversity, and names of many neuronal types reflect their morphologies …
Background and aims: The experience of anger could affect cardiovascular (CV) and electro-encephalographic (EEG) parameters but such parameters could vary within the motivational context. Although models of motivational contexts were proposed by CV literature as challenge/threat…