Background: Exercise may acutely and chronically up-regulate appetite and energy intake in overweight and obese women preventing body mass reduction in the long term. Overweight and obese women may be most prone to compensatory responses to exercise but the possible mechanism fo…
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In Scotland, stroke is the third most common cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. However, most strokes are not fatal and can cause severe disability, with one third of survivors still functionally dependent after one year. The advent of recombinant tissue plasminogen…
Colonic inflammation in C. difficile infection is mediated by released toxins A and B. I have investigated responses to C. difficile toxin A and B by primary human colonic myofibroblasts, which represent a distinct subpopulation of mucosal cells that are normally located below t…
The natural angiogenic response of the vasculature to cardiovascular disease has been shown, at least in part, to involve circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, the native response is often insufficient to restore vascularity without additional intervention. I…
The force response of the locust hind leg extensor muscle to input excitation pulses is modelled. Despite the processes behind muscle contraction being well established, no broadly valid method of modelling skeletal muscle exists. Studies that compare the merits of existing mode…
A common consequence of the complications of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, is reduced supply of nutrients, including oxygen, to the developing fetus. The consequences for the offspring are wide ranging, but include increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechan…
Factors contributing towards falls in older age during overground walking have been widely studied. Stepping behaviour, balance and head posture control during stair negotiation in young adults (YA) and older adults with either lower (LROA) or higher (HROA) risk of falling durin…
The primary purpose of this thesis is to present a comprehensive analysis of occupant kinematics and spinal injuries, during road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia from the points of view of statistical analysis, modeling of occupant kinematics, and biomechanics. An in-depth dat…
Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are equally common in both sexes and at all ages. However, complications of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease such as reflux oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, although more common in men, increase sha…
Tendon and ligament damage causes extreme pain and decreased joint functionality. Current repair methods cannot restore original joint biomechanics nor promote regeneration of native tissue. Recent advances in tendon and ligament repair have involved engineering tissue using cel…
This thesis comprises two volumes, representing the research and clinical elements submitted to the University of Birmingham in partial fulfillment of the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy). The first volume is the research component and contains three papers. Th…
Optical motion capture is a powerful tool for human motion analysis. However, an intrinsic limitation of this method is its dependence upon line of sight, which when occluded, prevents measurement of position, resulting in data loss and failure of trajectory tracking. The thesis…
Cortical networks comprise excitatory principal cells and interneurons (IN); the latter showing large neurochemical, morphological and physiological heterogeneity. GABA release from IN axon terminals activates fast ionotropic GABAA or slow metabotropic GABAB receptors (GABABR); …
Protein Structure Comparison (PSC) is at the core of many important structural biology problems. PSC is used to infer the evolutionary history of distantly related proteins; it can also help in the identification of the biological function of a new protein by comparing it with o…
The auditory nerve conveys spectral information, reflecting the location of maximum vibration along the frequency-tuned basilar membrane, and also information reflecting the timing of peaks in the vibrations at each location. Debate continues as to whether pitch is extracted bas…
A rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration is key to controlling both short term and long term Ca2+ dependent processes which include secretion, metabolism and gene expression, cell growth and proliferation. Store operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs), which are activated by the depleti…
Parallel increases in many inflammatory diseases including atopy over the last 40 years suggest that common environmental changes may be promoting inflammatory immune responses. Modern diets have become increasingly rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and relatively …
Neurons are the basic elements of the networks that constitute the computational units of the brain. They dynamically transform input information into sequences of electrical pulses. To conceive the complex function of the brain, it is crucial to understand this transformation a…
Adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In obesity adipocytes are challenged by many insults: surplus energy, inflammation, insulin resistance and considerable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress has been casually linked to increa…