Worldwide, an estimated 9.1 billion birds may need to be killed on farm each year. As of January 2013 the use of manual cervical dislocation (MCD) as a killing method for poultry on-farm has been heavily restricted through new EU legislation (EC 1099/2009) on the Welfare of Anim…
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Background: The present study aimed to explore if risk factors associated with loading at knee were associated with degenerative changes in ACL injured groups. Methods: Part 1: Biomechanics were investigated for gait, jogging and single legged squatting (SLS) in Anterior Crucita…
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can negatively impact people both psychologically and physically. Health benefits of regular physical activity (PA) have been demonstrated for RA patients (Cooney et al., 2011), however people living with RA are mo…
The detrimental nature of movement variability has recently been reconsidered with suggestions that it has a functional role to play in performance. Movements in golf can be attributed to the organismic, task and environmental constraints from which they emerge with these swing …
Falls and fall-related injuries are among the most common, serious, and medically-expensive problems facing the growing older population. Regular physical activity has been proposed to reduce falls, but no research has examined the efficacy of compliance with official recommende…
This thesis examines the influence of selected environmental stimuli on spatial and temporal variation in acute exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evidence indicates that the high level of humidity in the British climate, and the weather as…
Deep somatic pain originating from synovial joints is a major clinical problem as it is the primary reason for loss of joint mobility and function in musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis (OA), are the most prevalent cause of disability w…
Introduction: Over the past decades, several labelling techniques have been used in an attempt to track stem cells using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, very few of these were able to definitely determine the precise location of stem cells within a living organism and…
Cardiovascular toxicity is a leading cause of drug attrition at the preclinical and clinical stages of drug development. The specific mechanisms of drug-induced cardiovascular toxicities, however, are not well understood and can occur via direct interactions of the drug with car…
The endothelial barrier is essential for vascular function, and its disruption may play a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. An increase in cAMP levels tightens the endothelial barrier by enhancing junction formation, and this is, in part, mediated by acti…
Debilitating age-associated neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a major public health challenge in increasingly ageing societies. Currently approved therapeutics are successful in slowing the progression of NDs but not in reversing or preventing the symptoms. A major goal of n…
With intensive and global usage, flame retardants (FRs) have played critical roles in the prevention of fires for decades. However, there are increasing concerns about the potential adverse effects of these chemicals due to the well documented environmental and human exposures t…
Classical Pavlovian conditioning is a relatively simple behavioural experiment where a conditioned stimulus signals the occurrence of a reward. The repeated presentation of the stimulus and the reward leads to the evolution of a conditioned response. However, the electrophysiolo…
The objective was to explore the role of GPR41 (FFAR3) and GPR43 (FFAR2) in colonic physiology and potential involvement in appetite control. The expression of SCFA receptors mRNA across the longitudinal axis of healthy mice, pig and human colon were found to be similar. Immunoh…
Introduction: There is a hypothesis that Eye-Hand Coordination (EHC) is a general ability presenting an opportunity to explore it’s mechanisms via a series of innovative studies. The thesis outlines two major aims: 1) to establish reliable measurement techniques and protocols fo…
Grounded in an integrated framework (Duda, 2013) that pulls from achievement goal theory (AGT; Nicholls, 1989) and self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000) framework, the current thesis presents the steps taken to develop and test the Multidimensional Motivational Clim…
Reduced neuron models are essential tools in computational neuroscience to aid understanding from the single cell to network level. In this thesis I use these models to address two key challenges: introducing experimentally verifi�ed heterogeneity into neocortical network models…
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients have high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Poor autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, (increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic activity) is a factor contributing to the risk for CVD in RA. The first experimental chapter incl…
Optimal management of British military personnel injured in Afghanistan is best achieved in the United Kingdom; therefore aeromedical evacuation (AE) is arranged, often within the first 24 hours for the most severely injured casualties. However, early aeromedical evacuation carr…