The aim of this study was to define new quantitative parameters of dynamic Pelvic Floor Muscle (PFM) function using 2D transperineal (TP) ultrasound imaging combined with image processing methods (IPM). Ultrasound and digital vaginal data were obtained from a volunteer convenien…
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Shift-work is increasingly common in society and is associated with a number of health inequalities. The health effects of shift-work can include a redudion in quality and quantity of sleep, insomnia, chronic fatigue, anxiety and depreSSion,decreased vigilance, metabolic syndrom…
Load carriage (19.3 Jan, 280 min, 31 kg load) in the field elicited a cardiovascular strain of 72 ± 5 %HRmax and caused neuromuscular impairment (7 ± 8% decrease in jump height (P0.05). The differences between conditions appeared to relate to changes in substrate oxidation, neur…
Static and dynamic balance are essential in daily and sports life. Many factors have been identified as influencing static balance control, two of which are carrying additional weight and localized muscle fatigue but their influence on dynamic balance in sport activities has not…
Tooth development is complex and dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions involving key molecular signalling pathways. Preliminary data indicate that the pleiotropic growth factor adrenomedullin (ADM) is expressed during tooth development. Furthermore, in osteoblasts, ce…
Smoking is the major risk factor for COPD. Smoking also has systemic effects and is considered as one of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MeS). It is unclear whether it is smoking per se or the systemic effects of COPD that cause metabolic syndrome in smokers. Smokers wi…
Preconditioning is the phenomenon whereby tolerance to lethal insults is induced by exposing the tissue to a prior sublethal stimulus. This exists in several forms, such as ischaemic preconditioning, adenosine preconditioning and excitotoxic preconditioning. Adenosine preconditi…
Human essential hypertension is a substantial public health problem with greater than 25% of the adult population affected worldwide. It is a complex disorder and a major risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease, renal disease and stroke. The stroke-…
The work presented in this thesis describes the influence of the endothelium on smooth muscle cells, and how the structure of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) affects this relationship in mesenteric and saphenous arteries. This was enabled by the study of functional and confoca…
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common childhood disability, with an incidence around 2-2.5 in every 1,000 live births in Europe. It results from damage to the developing brain and adversely affects motor control. The limitations in motor control range from an inability to even …
Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals and is the main protein of connective tissue in animals [1]. It is a fibrous structural protein that is the major component of the extracellular matrix, which provides great tensile strength to ligaments, tendons, bone and skin, f…
It is commonly believed that with increased age, movement dexterity becomes slower and increasingly clumsy when performing simple every day tasks. In the General Introduction of this PhD thesis (Chapter 1), literature that supports evidence for this relationship was reviewed. In…
Early detection of biomarkers of tumour treatment response improves clinical management, in vivo. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has demonstrated potential for identifying early biomarkers of effective treatment. However, more detailed in vitro studies are required to imp…
The regulation of pulmonary blood flow and ventilation during exercise is mediated by numerous factors, yet the role of certain cardiovascular and pulmonary reflex control systems is unknown. Therefore this thesis investigated the pulmonary vascular response to the activation of…
ATP release from the surface of the ventro-lateral medulla (VLM) is integral to the hypercapnic response in vivo and can be seen in vitro. By employing horizontal slices of the ventral medulla containing the ventral chemosensitive nuclei, I have developed a model that consistent…
The inflammatory response is critical to healing outcome after cutaneous injury. Our current understanding of the response to injury has been compiled from targeted studies on components expected to play a role. It was hypothesised that an unbiased approach to characterisation o…
There is now strong epidemiological and animal research showing that undernutrition in gestation and early postnatal life is linked with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The physiological processes involved are not yet clear. The aim of this thesis was …
The intensity difference threshold is defined as ‘the difference in the intensity of two stimuli which is just sufficient for their difference to be detected’. The aim of this thesis is to advance understanding of the perception of vibration intensity differences in humans. In a…