The gut-derived bacteria, endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), have been observed to be raised in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which appears to represent a source of diet induced inflammation exacerbating metabolic disease. To furthe…
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Conflicting definitions, understanding and consequent limitations in identifying an appropriate body of knowledge present a major problem for educators who wish to define, adopt and teach cultural competence. A standardised meaning of the term enabling specified outcome measures…
This thesis describes the development of new methods for the synthesis of 1,2- diamines. Chapter one reviews current methods for the synthesis of 1,2- diamines, and their importance in chemistry. Chapter two highlights attempts to synthesise 1,2-diamines using two nitrogen-conta…
Four studies consisting of 6 experiments were conducted to investigate the likely mechanisms of actions of feed additives used in the place of antibiotics to improve performance and enteric health in broilers. In the first study, the relationship between digesta pH, body weight …
According to self-determination theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2000), the quality of support (autonomy support versus controlling) from important others is an important predictor of psychological need satisfaction, and subsequent engagement in health-conducive behaviours, such as phy…
An accumulation of epidemiological studies along with several lines of experimental research highlight sustained elevated resting heart rate as a significant predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, resting heart rate as a simple and inexpensive clinical par…
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent, debilitating disease affecting many joints including the knee. Despite the involvement of several tissues, it is believed that the articular cartilage is the primary site of pathogenesis in humans. Within this study, a new scoring syste…
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are a minor subset of T cells in human blood that differ from all other lymphocytes by their specific responsiveness to (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), a metabolite produced by a large range of microbial pathogens. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be s…
Touch is a sense with which humans are able to actively explore the world around them. Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) processing has been studied to differing degrees at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels in both humans and animals. Both levels of enquiry have their …
The work presented in this thesis consists of 4 manuscripts, focussed on characterising the distribution of mutant huntingtin protein in transgenic and knock-in mouse models of Huntington’s disease. The mouse lines showed a different expression level of mutant huntingtin across …
The process of parturition resulting in the delivery of a newborn is a fundamental event ensuring survival of the species. In humans, the main clinical problems of parturition include activation of the process too early or too late resulting in the delivery of pre-term and post-…
Snake venom is a critical evolutionary innovation enabling venomous snakes to become successful limbless predators; it is therefore vital that snakes possess a highly efficient venom production system to maintain their predatory arsenal. The dynamics of venom synthesis and the r…
Post-translational modification of proteins via ubiquitination is mediated by three enzyme families; E1 activating enzymes, E2 conjugating enzymes and E3 ligases, all of which work in a hierarchical manner to facilitate different forms of protein ubiquitin ranging from mono-ubiq…
Top-down expectations allow us to quickly filter relevant events from the continuous stimulation by the environment. The Attentional Blink (AB) paradigm simulates such taxing situations in the laboratory (Raymond et al., 1992). For the first time, I employed composite events as …
Haemorrhage remains a leading cause of death in civilian and military environments. Recent research into emergency treatments for severe haemorrhaging injuries has resulted in production of a number of advanced haemostatic products. In certain scenarios, concomitant release of t…
One of the most recent trends in biometrics is recognition by ear appearance in head profile images. Ear localization to determine the region of interest containing ears is an important step in an ear biometric system. To this end, we propose a robust, simple and effective metho…
Evidence exists for the role of acute mental stress as a trigger for myocardial infarction. Despite the fact that the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, inflammation and the vascular responses to stress are two mechanisms which have been implicated. After a critical…
The effects of exercise on appetite and feeding responses can be influenced by several factors. Research has demonstrated that exercise-induced changes in appetite can be affected by ambient temperature. Furthermore, exercise intensity has also been shown to affect appetite and …
Ghrelin is a 28 amino-acid peptide produced predominantly by the stomach. Two main isoforms of ghrelin are currently known (octanoyl- and desoctanoyl ghrelin). It functions as a circulating orexigenic hormone In addition, it has an effect on the nervous, cardiovascular and immun…