The decisions taken during the aircraft conceptual design stage are of paramount importance since these commit up to eighty percent of the product life cycle costs. Thus in order to obtain a sound baseline which can then be passed on to the subsequent design phases, various stud…
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Determining the postmortem interval (PMI) remains one of the most important but challenging factors to establish in a suspicious death investigation. Unfortunately, as time passes current methods lose accuracy and only allow investigators to approximate how long ago death occurr…
Macromolecular structures, such as lignin and cellulose, are important components of soil organic carbon, the major terrestrial global carbon pool. The degradation of these macromolecules, including lignin and cellulose, in plant-derived soil organic matter, is important to the …
Moderation does not constitute a monolithic model and the difference in the moderation process will influence the way a political party manages its internal dynamics. The cases of the AKP and the PKS show that both have different levels of moderation due to the different context…
In this dissertation, I examine how we quantify the dynamic, cumulative effects of relational social exposures with longitudinal survey data. In Chapter 1, I demonstrate a new mediation framework for describing what are often conceptualized problematically as “neighborhood effec…
Advances in technology and science have spurred an increasing accumulation of complex data sources, leading modern researchers into a diverse present- day data revolution. The new tenor of data collection has created a two-part problem: historical models are often not malleable …
Fire is a global phenomenon that annually burns approximately 3% of Earth’s terrestrial surface. While fire is an important component of many terrestrial ecosystems, climate change and anthropogenic influence are expected to alter global fire regimes (particularly fire frequency…
This dissertation contains three chapters. In the first chapter, "Finance, Public Goods, and Migration'', I show that shocks to the supply of municipal credit affect both the quantity and quality of local public goods provision, and through this channel, resident migration. I us…
In regard to human history, it isn’t that long since forecasting transitioned from the spiritual and mythical components into the scientific domain. In recent years, forecasting has become an integral part of the mathematical analysis. It has a wide range of significance in vari…
Combustion, whether of fossil fuels or renewable fuels, is the dominant way the overwhelming demand for energy is currently met and will be for the foreseeable future. This has led to the production of harmful emissions that have a significant impact on the health of both the pl…
This thesis studies the temporal profile of the impact of systemic banking crises on suicide rates using a panel from 53 countries between 1980 and 2016. A methodology developed by Oscar Jordà in 2005, the Local Projections, was used to measure this impact.
Peatland ecosystems serve an essential role in the global carbon cycle by storing atmospheric carbon as peat, but disturbances can alter natural carbon dynamics. Although abandoned and restored peatlands have been a focus of research in Canada, few studies have addressed decompo…
Charleston, South Carolina is a city valued for its history and culture, but rising ocean levels have caused fears for its safety. Ensemble Empirical Modal Decomposition (EEMD) is a process through which data may be broken from its original, layered state into the major componen…
Environmental temperatures are among the most significant factors affecting the ecology, behaviour, and evolution of organisms across all levels of biological organization. As such, understanding the impacts that natural thermal regimes have on organisms is central to the study …
In recent years, mathematicians working in nonlinear algebra have actively explored the use of algebraic geometry, combinatorics and symbolic computations to answer questions in a diverse field of applications, with an emphasis on statistics and optimization. This dissertation i…
The accurate estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most important determinations in a forensic investigation of decomposing human remains. Forensic entomology has gained popularity in death investigation due to its reliability and precision in the estimation …
Modeling complex interactions involving multiple response variables is a difficult problem. Response variables are often correlated with each other, have causal relationships and are influenced by factor main effects, interactions and covariates. When analyzing these types of da…
A fundamental task for any visual system is the accurate detection of objects from background information, for example, defining fruit from foliage or a predator in a forest. This is commonly referred to as figure-ground segregation, which occurs when the visual system locates d…
Pipeline operators continuously seek to improve reliability, safety and reduce corrosion and maintenance costs. Cathodic protection (CP) systems is a secondary external corrosion-prevention mechanism for underground pipelines. Two types of CP exist, namely, sacrificial anode CP …